Dangerous animals
There are no predators, snakes, or spiders dangerous to humans in Cape Verde, and very few poisonous animals.However, you should be aware of the red-headed centipede (Scolopendra morsitans). This arthropod can grow up to 15 cm long, and its bite can be very painful. Known locally as the “Sampé” or “Sempé,” it favours banana plantations and humid areas. Its venom is not life-threatening to healthy adults.
Scorpions can be found in the north of Santiago. The beige Cape Verde scorpion (Hottentotta caboverdensis) is the only species on the islands. Rare and shy, it was probably introduced from mainland Africa in the 1940s during the construction of a former concentration camp. The scorpion hides under bark and large stones, is extremely fast, and can climb well, but encounters are uncommon.
In the sea, be cautious of black sea urchins (Arbacia lixula), often found on rocky shores. Stepping on one can cause pain lasting several days, though it is not life-threatening. Always check where you step when entering or leaving rocky areas. If spines penetrate the skin, remove them immediately or seek assistance from locals. Experienced surfers often know how to safely remove the brittle limestone spines. If pain persists for more than a few days, visit a local hospital or health centre, as retained spines can lead to infection and fever.
Another potentially dangerous sea creature is the Portuguese Man o’ War (Physalia physalis), a siphonophore closely related to jellyfish. This species floats on the water’s surface, with its metre-long tentacles—containing up to 1,000 venomous stings—hanging below. The Portuguese Man o’ War is most often seen near beaches due to currents.
If you spot one in the water, keep your distance and warn other bathers. Never touch this animal, even if it appears dead, as it can still release venom on contact. Do not wash the affected area with fresh water or vinegar, as vinegar can worsen stings from this species. If you cannot reach a hospital or health centre, rinse with salt water and carefully remove any remaining tentacles using gloves. Immersing the area in hot water above 45 °C can help denature the venom proteins.
